LGBTQphobia Report #8

LGBTQphobia Report #8

LGBTQphobia Report

LGBTQphobia Report #8

The Association for LGBTQ Equality in Israel

Opening Statement

This year, on top of the challenges that we, as a community, have to cope with due to LGBTQphobia and discrimination, we have also had to adjust ourselves and our abilities to the new reality inflicted on us by the Coronavirus. Regretfully, as every year, the number of reports regarding discrimination, hate crimes, and denial of equal rights against the LGBTQ community, has significantly increased during 2020. The following report reveals the fact that LGBTQphobia hasn’t left anyone out and has compelled us to take care of all its ramifications in every aspect: Work places, social media, government institutions, public and private spaces and more. The Corona pandemic has added another layer to the already complex LGBTQ lives. It is through collaboration between all the organizations that represent the community, that we fight every day against incitement, ignorance, violence and hate. In order to bring forth a change in policy and teach tolerance and acceptance, we need you, our community members: The more you report and come forth with your experiences, the better we will be able to monitor the scale of these occurrences, lead and motion for changes and processes, as well as pass a very clear message: We are here, in every front and every area of life. We will not be eliminated from public and official spaces! We shall continue on protecting every individual’s personal security for a better, stronger, tolerant, equal and accepting society. The following report is more than just data and explanations- it is the mirror image of LGBTQphobia within the Israeli society and our rigorous fight against it.

Nurit Shein Chairwoman The Aguda, The Association for LGBTQ Equality in Israel

Ohad Hizki CEO The Aguda, The Association for LGBTQ Equality in Israel

LGBTQphobia Report

Principle Data for 2020 01.01.2020 - 31.12.2020

Every 3 Hours

27%

16%

25%

A 27% increase of reported incidents 2,696 reported incidents compared to 2125 reported incidents in 2019

A 16% increase in cases where young LGBTQs had to leave their home/ forced out of their home.

An LGBTQphobic incident is reported Every 3 hours Whereas in 2019 it was reported every 4 hours.

25% of LGBTQphobia is experienced around one’s home environment Whereas in 2019 it was only 8% of all cases

272 in 2019 versus 315 in 2020.

Ever since The Aguda Report Center, named after Nir Katz (RIP) was established a decade ago, there has been a constant increase of reported incidents. The LGBTQphobic reports are being documented and handled by the Report Center, which acts on the plaintiffs’ behalf by approaching the abusive bodies demanding they make policy or procedure changes. In some instances The Report center asks for themanagement of those reported bodies immediate involvement in resolving a specific case; more so, as part of their duty, we demand they educate the relevant staff (or team) about important matters concerning the LGBTQ community in hope of preventing recurring events. Additionally, every complaint is handled in the most sensitive and personal way. We lend our ears to each person who turns to us for help and assist them in understanding the reasons the complaint was brought about. Once we understand the situation, we connect them with relevant representatives from either inner community circles or exterior bodies accordingly, and act on their behalf if we believe it’s required. We believe reporting is a very important action: it strengthens the individual's feeling of being able to take part in the struggle against the abuse/violence directed at them and it also contributes to the documentation of LGBTQphobic behavior. An accurate mirroring of LGBTQphobic acts of violence in Israel, is actually the basis for the entire activity and agenda the LGBTQ Association promotes since it allows for a better understanding of what it is we struggle against. The Coronavirus has affected every person around the world; its mark being felt by everyone. Much the same, the LGBTQ community all over Israel has been hit by the ramifications of the Covid virus at all ages, genders, sexual orientations and in all areas of life. The pandemic edged the LGTBTQphobia into people’s private spaces, much more than in the previous year. Thus, compared to previous years, 2020 was a turbulent year for all of us. For example, more reports of teen LGBTQs have been made about home abuse, or about being thrown out of their homes due to their sexual or gender orientation. We, as LGBTQ people, are everywhere and we demand our right and ability to live in a safe environment and space like any other citizen. This year, we saw an increase of reports coming in from the north part of the country and the Sharon region, for the first time. Most of the reports in previous years have come from the Gush Dan area (central Israel region).These figures, which demonstrate the geographical spread of the reports, also support our desire for a safe environment despite some factions who are trying to dismiss it/ blur it. It’s important to highlight that in 2020 we have witnessed a developing attitude change as well as a significant discourse in the Arab sector with regards to the LGBTQ community: There has been more acceptance and taking on the unique challenges of the Israeli Arabs, who identify as LGBTQ. Another positive change can be witnessed in the religious LGBTQ community, who on the one hand experience significant violent incitement such as blaming their sexual orientation for the pandemic; and on the other hand are taking some significant steps to establish itself as a legitimate and inseparable part of the religious and secular society.

LGBTQphobia Report

41-55

56+ 1%

Cisgender males

Genderqueer

5%

31-40 14%

12%

up to 18 yrs

Transgender Men

27%

22%

6%

Transgender Women 7%

Age Division

Gender Segmentation

19 - 30

58%

Cisgender women

The number of reports coming from the age group of 31-40 has doubled in 2020 (2019 - 7%, 2020 - 14%). Our assumption is that due to the virus-related lockdowns, this age group had to spend more time at home than in the previous year, resulting in LGBTQphobic pressure increase. The same goes for the percentage of over 56 years of age reports. In 2019, the reports received from this age group was 0.5%, whereas in 2020, it reached 1%.

48%

In 2019, 34% of all reports were made by women (cisgenders and trans), whereas in 2020 the percentage number of reports has risen to 55%.

The Geographical Spread of Reported Incidents:

Jerusalem, the Shfela (the plain area), Judea and Sama 10%

Sharon region 7%

General 8%

Be’er Sheva and the South of Israel 10%

Haifa and the Northof Israel 22%

Tel Aviv andGushDan 43%

The Geographical spread of the complaints we have been receiving has not remained specific to the Gush Dan area, Tel Aviv and its suburbs. 2020 saw an increase in complaints from other key areas in Israel. For example, complaints from the north part of Israel have doubled: 11% in 2019 compared to 22% in 2020. Additionally, the number of reports from the Sharon region has more than doubled in 2020 - 7% comparing 3% the previous year). Looking back at 2019, the number of reports coming in from the center part of Israel were 60%, which is more than half of the overall reports we have been receiving. In contrast, in 2020 we have observed a wider geographical spread. We assume this is due to the Community's visibility growth and spread (over 40 nationwide Pride events, as of 2019). At the same time, the presence of the LGBTQ community in various locations in the country raises some resistance, thus a constant increase in LGBTQphobia and phobic incidents occur.

LGBTQphobia Report

Reports of LGBTQphobic incidents against teenagers in their school environment have continued to increase, despite the Coronavirus binding them to their homes. More so, hostile harassment at home has also increased the more our community had to be homebound. LGBTQphobia does not disappear or decrease, it takes on another form and adjusts itself to the new reality we’ve come to adjust to this past year. Division By Living Areas:

Public spaces (street etc.)

Other 18%

18%

Workplace

4%

Division By Living Areas:

School

7%

Home ground (building, park etc.)

25%

Family related incidents

28%

LGBTQphobia Report

Main LGBTQphobic Areas and Community Support Analysis

Home and Local Environment: “I live in a building where one of my neighbours constantly talks and disapproves of my sexual orientation- to my face or behind my back, and in every opportunity he gets.” L, Jerusalem. The Covid crisis has highlighted the difficulties experienced by the LGBTQ community in their local environment. The lockdowns meant that people have stayed home more often than usual, which has in turn brought the LGBTQphobia to our doorstep, since public spaces have shrunk according to the new government guidelines. The result was an increased feeling of discomfort LGBTQ were experiencing. For example, hostile behaviour from family members, and / or neighbours. LGBTQphobia in one’s home environment diminishes one’s safe space to a very small minimum. The experienced hostility is constant, making it that much harder to bear. It makes our community feel hounded as well as intensifies their emotional difficulties and sense of insecurity. It is demonstrated in a 26% increase in the number of LGBTQ people who turned to The Aguda for emotional and mental assistance in 2020, as opposed to 2019. One of the cases we handled was of an LGBTQ couple, whose neighbours were behaving brutally with them and picking on them and their children on a daily basis. We have also witnessed a significant increase in tearing off pride flags from members of the LGBTQ community's private homes (specifically from their balconies): “My partner and I placed a flag on our window, for Pride month. Our neighbours have approached us and asked for us to take it down. When we didn’t and they started threatening us, we called the police and still, a few days later, our flag was torn off…” The Coronavirus Effects in Broad Perspective The Corona has hit the entire community and has affected all life’s aspects. For example, concerning young LGBTQ people: This year 315 youngsters had to leave their home, due to constant abuse/harassment, compared to 272 in 2019 - a 16% increase. Moreover, the pandemic has edged the LGBTQphobia into personal spaces, much more than in the previous year: 8% of all cases in 2019 happened in a space close to home or in a public area, whereas 2020 saw a significant increase to 25% in those cases- 1 in every 4 reported incidents was about abusive behaviour happening close to home. When it comes to influential public figures, who speak in public, there were rabies, such as Rabi Mazoz, who claimed that the pandemic was created because of the LGBTQ, thus increasing the incitement against the entire community.

LGBTQphobia Report

The Arab LGBTQ Sector “I was kicked out of home and I haven’t left a friend’s apartment for a few months...when I finally had the courage to go outside, I was attacked for being an LGBTQ. I really don’t see what I have to live for?” M, center Israel. This year 100% of the reports coming from the Arab sector were about intolerance and violence by close family, creating a serious emotional, mental and economic distress, which has dramatically grown during the pandemic time and the lockdowns. The Report Center has received tens of reports form the Arab LGBTQs. We recognise that the cases we hear of are only the tip of the iceberg, as there are hundreds or even thousands of unreported cases. The reports we have received are terrible cases, such as of teens being thrown out of their homes after being beaten to a pulp, going out into the streets of Jaffa, where they were assaulted again by people on the street. When the assailants were asked for the reasons they were beating the teens, they responded that “There is no place in the Arab society for homosexuals”. Having said all that, in contrast to recent years where the LGBTQ issue was hushed, we have seen a great change in attitude within the Arab sector towards the LGBTQ issue between 2019-2020- changes for the better and for the worse. Several important events have happened between 2019 and 2020, bringing forth the discourse surounding the Arab LGBTQ issue and the reactions against it by the ‘Arab street’: The stabbing of an Israeli Arab teenager in Beit Dror; the first ever Palestininan queer community protest in Haifa in which MP Aida Touma Sulieman participated; the collaboration between El-Arz Tahini and The Aguda to form a helpline for the Arab LGBTQs; Passing the law against LGBTQ conversion treatments, for which huge preassure was placed on the members of the Joint List Alliance Party to vote for/against it, and eventually the fact that some members of the Joint List Alliance Party have voted for the law to pass, has contributed to some agitation in the sector; Ayman Safiah’s funeral, who was an Arab LGBTQ dancer, was an important event, contributing to the legitimisation of LGBTQ Arabs in the Arab-Israeli society. All these above mentioned events are important milestones in recognising the Arab LGBTQ presence within the Arab-Israeli environment. For every challenge over the existing conservative hegemony, a counter reaction is exercised by people and politicians from the Arab sector. On the one hand we are witnessing more acceptance of LGBTQs and their right to exist in the Arab environment, and on the other hand we are witnessing resistance from officials who want to prevent the evolving changes; thus the violence increases. This issue can be fully understood when looking at the increasing numbers of LGBTQ Israeli-Arabs arriving at safe houses in the last year: in 2020 their numbers were 30% of the residents in the Beit Dror youth safe house, and we are witnessing a constant increase: in 2019 the percentage number stood at 29.2% whereas in 2018 it was 27.7%. It’s important to point out that the percentage presented here is higher than their 20% ratio of the general population. Community Support: Using a proactive approach: In the past year, with the help of The Aguda, the Arab LGBTQ’s were provided with adequate responses specially adapted for their specific matters they have to deal with, including a help-line and psycho-socio response- all in Arabic. Additionally, out of understanding the strong need of a safe space for the Arab LGBTQs, The Aguda encourages the creation and building of a strong Arab LGBTQ community. Notwithstanding the above, in order to reach as many relevant people from the Arab sector who are facing many difficult challenges, we have collaborated with El-Arz Tahini and created a help-line in Arabic that relies solely on Arab and Arabic speaking volunteers, who can understand, reach out and connect them with all the services that we, The Aguda, can offer. For this reason we also work constantly with the police, in order to provide a heavier weight on the way the Arab LGBTQ cases are handled and to give the Arab LGBTQs more efficient assistance when they turn to the police to report gender or sexual orientation abuse.

LGBTQphobia Report

Work and Employment LGTBQphobia

“My supervisor has turned me into the office’s joke, for a long time purley because of my sexual orientation. He’s been doing it behind my back, constantly making fun of me, jokes at my expense, making explicit remarks about my sexuality. It’s been done in the presence of other employees and customers. I feel so hurt and embarrassed, I just don’t know what to do”... N, Center Israel According to the Report Center’s data, 4% out of all reports in the past year were about work related discrimination and LGBTQphobia events, compared to 3% in 2019. The reports show a wide cross country spread: 11% of all reports are from the south of Israel, 11% from Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria regions, 28% from Tel Aviv and the Gush Dan region and 28% from the north of Israel.16.5% of reports were made by women, whereas 55.5% were made by men. 22% of all reports were made by individuals on the transexual spectrum. One of the cases we have dealt with was of a nurse who was asked to remove the LGBTQ flag from her desk, after some of the professional staff had complained that the flag hurts their feelings. When she had tried to talk to her supervisor about it, she was told that it won’t make any difference and she still had to remove it. Needles to say the nurse had felt humiliated and at the management board’s mercy. 2020 was a year of growing LGBTQ presence in the diverse employment environment. LGBTech is the only organisation in Israel which deals with work-related LGBTQ issues. In 2020 much work has been done by LGBTQ organisations and LGBTech specifically to increase LGBTQ visibility in the employment environment as well as the public discourse relating to it. Additionally, LGBTech has performed for the second year round, a one of a kind, thorough survey about LGBTQ’s in the employment environment. 906 LGBTQ respondents have answered it. The survey looked, among other things, at LGBTQphobic occurrences and discrimination in various places of work, raising very interesting trends in relation to perceptions and LGBTQ work practices: The vast majority of the LGBTQ are “out of the closet” at work - 86% according to the survey. A quarter of the respondents, who claimed they were not “out of the closet” declared that the reason was fear of being discriminated against/ harassed. This behaviour suggests more of a general concern rather than experience. It also teaches us that employers can take significant steps to relieve the fear and make LGBTQs feel more accepted and comfortable at work. Community Support: LGBTech together with the Israeli Forum for Diverse Employment and 15 other partner organizations have led the “Diversity Employs Me” campaign, to which another 500 organizations have also joined. The campaign’s goal was to promote the much necessary message of diversity in all places of work. Moreover, the organization believes that the Pride cells model it activates around 50 employers, is used as a significant motivator for changing positions of and towards LGBTQ’s work conditions. This proves that the community as a whole has the ability to make the necessary changes it requires for itself - more Pride cells at more places of work, will eventually lead to a deeper change. Another point worth mentioning is that when it comes to gender discrimination between men and women at work in general, LGBTQ women suffer as well ,thus LGBTECH is initiating a plan for LGBTQ women work equality rights in 2021. LGBTQ organizations have brought forth a change in employment - raising employer’s awareness, guidance and a greater presence in decision making points.

LGBTQphobia Report

The Transgender Community

“Finally, I managed to get a job interview, because up till now I was refused due to my trans appearance. When I went for the interview, I was asked by the interviewer what I have between my legs. I was tearing up”. A. North of Israel. The main issues reported by people on the trans spectrum were harassments close to their home environment (23.5%), online bullying (19%), transphobia/discrimination/rights exhaustion within the Health system (23.5%). One of the most outrageous cases arriving at our doorstep, is one of a young trans man, who was kicked out of his home. He came for an interview for a position of youth at risk instructor. As someone who never had the emotional and mental support he needed as a young adult, he wanted to make amends by helping those boys. When he arrived for his interview, his interviewer asked him about what “he had between his legs” and was told that he couldn’t have this job for that reason. His life experience and the skills he has acquired were completely irrelevant and he felt that he was being diminished into the subject matter of his physiology. Another challenge added to those the trans community already has to deal with on a day to day basis, is the Corona pandemic, that has weakened the weak: to begin with, many trans people deny themselves medical and health treatment (a 2019 study by Dr. Sigal Golding in collaboration with the Levinsky clinic, regarding health and welfare in the trans community, show that 55-60% of the trans community avoid using health services); on top of that, they were dealing with the hardship of not getting employment - in a world where it’s scary to leave home, it has just gotten worse due to the pandemic, thus their need of survival surpassed any other needs. With regards to trans teenagers, ironically, the Coronavirus reduced social anxiety and dysphoria for some of them, because youth had to stay at home, and therefore had less interaction with exterior harassment (the said above is true for those with a strong support system). Community Support: After 3 years of much hard work by the trans organisations, a new practice was developed at the Health Ministry, to make the mental health system accessible for trans people. The practice determines that being a transgender is not a mental condition. Furthermore, the pracitce determines that there is also no justification to perform conversion therapy to people who change their gender or to non heterosexual people. Additionally, an inter-office teamwas established toadvance the transgender spectrum, whichhas recommended to improve certain services given by government offices, such as the sex section on the identification card and the way the Gender Adjustment Commitee treats them at Tel-HaShomer hospital. The trans organisations pushing for the team's formation were Ma’Avarim, the Gila project, the Lionesses Alliance and Trans Israel as well as the government relations representative of the LGBTQ’s organisations coalition. Moreover, the Gila project, in collaboration with Hoshen, worked hard on educating medical teams about the transgeder spectrum. In connection to that, Ma’Avarim organization intends to start another educational project with the Welfare Ministry to e-teach the Ministry’s staff, who work with trans people, about the transgender spectrum. They expect to reach thousands of employees who will pass this e-course. In order to cope with the challenges brought by the Coronvirus, Trans Israel organisation initiated a food appeal for members of the community in collaboration with The Aguda Association and Ma’Avarim, sponsored by the Schusterman foundation in addition to the rent assistance scholarship project, they already have in place. This is on top of the academic scholarship project run annually by Ma’Avarim. Aside from that, recognising that the community is dealing with legal challenges both on daily and state levels, we have initiated together with Kalai-Rosen Adv. a project where trans people will be provided legal advice and representation, free of charge on various subjects. Another challenge the community is dealing with is the implications of the new ‘Consumer Incrimination Act’, before there are substantial solutions in place for those who are leaveing the prostitution circle, as they are still in development. The law will have a direct effect on sex workers who work the streets or from their own home, since the streets have become more dangerous for them: Police officers bully the clients who in turn, express their discomfort by using violence towars trans women. Also, it seems that new creative ways were found to fine trans women in the sex business, which are unrelated to the law, such as public disturbances, stripping, and nuisance.

LGBTQphobia Report

LGBTQ on the Religious Spectrum

“I was at girls school (Ulpanna), when the teacher said that same sext marriage is like hybrid seeds...homosexuality is a pervercity that needs to be dealt with...an abomination in the state. An entire lesson about how people on the trans spectrum don’t believe in god and a lot of other comments and stigmas against the LGBTQ community.”/ C. South Israel During 2020, the LGBTQ-religious community had to cope with a variety of events impacting them externally as well as LGBTQphobia, aimed to stain their combined identity as both people of faith and LGBTQ. The Coronavirus has affected many religious LGBTQ, bringing challenges as well as opportunities. Many religious LGBTQs, especially closeted ones, have found themselves under a lot of pressure in times of lockdown, spending more time at home than usual, which left them handling LGBTQphobic behaviour from family members, as well as with their conflict of religious-based restrictions versus their desire to follow on their sexual orientation and/or their true gender. In early February, ‘Ba’Shviee’ newspaper demanded, from the Kachol-Lavan party to remove the term LGBTQ from an election ad they had placed on the paper. In the same month the religious conservative organisation - ‘Choosing Family’- has protested against the Electricity company, for its declaration to give surrogacy funding for same sex couples. Senior rabies speaking against the community remain constant throughout the year sparking incitement against the LGBTQ community. For example,“Rabies for Religious Zionism”, a union of senior conservative rabies, gathered and called for action to be taken against LGBTQ families and “for the sanctity of the Jewish family.” These are just a few expressions made and actions taken by senior religious public figures. When it comes to politics, the religious oriented parties have tried to bring down the law forbidding conversion treatments to be carried out, in the employment and welfare committee; Mr. Dror Aryeh, founder of the ‘Noam’ party, started a trust fund to subsidise conversion “treatments”, etc. The community also had to deal with the media and educational areas: Channel 20 refused to receive any stories from the religious-LGBTQ spokesperson, whereas the REA (Religious Education Administration) removed their support from training teachers about LGBTQ students. Towards the end of the year, an organisation by the name of Offek - The Jewish Information Headquarters, has created a video against “LGBTQ missionarism” - the presence of Hoshen and Shoval organisations in the educational system. Community Support: Many inquiries have been received by the ‘Havruta’ organisation (religious LGBTQ men organisation), for support in this complex time from the religious and Haredi (ultra orthodox) LGBTQs. In addition, Bat Kol organisation (religious LGBTQ women organisation) has also established an online support center for women in the closet, nemed “For you”, due to the increase in inquiries. The lack of interpersonal highschool programs, due to the Coronavirus, have brought Shoval to think outside the box and focus their attention on non-formal communities, creating Zoom events for pre-military colleges that were active during that time, as well as focusing their attention also inwards, on the foundations of their organisation. Among those, were the educational activities for volunteers, a new website and long term collaborations with key persons in local authorities, in order to promote the religious-LGBTQ community at a municipal level. Moreover, the law against conversion therapy has passed in the pre-vote at the Knesset, a move lead by the Havruta organisation and the other LGBTQ organisations, which also includes creating digital infrastructures to support those who have been through them, education about them and taking part in the Knessett committees. A success against all odds, which predicted failure.

LGBTQphobia Report

To Conclude

This year we, as a community, have coped with a pandemic, fragile political state and LGBTQphobia presenting itself both in the traditional form we have come to learn and deal with, as well as in a new form, dictated by the new geo-political reality inflicted upon us. The Coronavirus has reduced our space to our home and it’s close environment, with no preparation. Therefore we have adjusted our actions for the community, against the LGBTQphobia and experienced inequality, in order to better cope with all the unique situations rising as a result of the year long Covid restrictions. In addition to the pandemic, the fragile disturbed political situation and forth round of elections in the country, have also increased the amount of incitement callouts and social alienation, which manifested in the significant increase of reported incidents; and so further deepening the social gaps our community members were already feeling. We therefore call the government to take responsibility for its citizens it should be committed to, and invest in more resources and cross system actions for the LGBTQ community as well as for the weaker population. We will continue our efforts to remain a home, lend our ears and be the assisting body for every member of the LGBTQ community - everywhere, no matter what age, orientation and self definition. No one should face any form of hatred and ignorance, alone.

Reporting LGBTQphobic Incidents: Online reporting page on The Aguda, The Association for LGBTQ Equality in Israel home page www.lgbt.org.il The Listening Information and Support hotline - “Someone to Talk To” Active hours: Sun-Thu and Sat. 19:30 -22:30 Call us at: 03-6205591 or whatsapp us at: 058-6205591

Additionally The Aguda offers a number of services for the LGBTQ community: Therapy and consulting services, legal advice and assistance and assistance for asylum seekers. You can contact The Aguda online on our website: www.lgbt.org.il or email us:aguda@lgbt.org.il Full Disclosure * The percentages reported here relate only to reported cases that could be classified by age, gender and sexual orientation. They do not include cases marked as “other” for those classifications. * The reported data include inquiries received by the Report Center and relevant specific information we gathered for specific reasons.

LGBTQphobia Report

Nir Katz Nir katz was born on July 18th 1983 to his mother Ayala Katz, And his father Rami Katz (RIP) who has fallen during IDF reserved training, on the event known as the Tze’elim Disaster in July 1990. Nir was 7 years old at the time. Nir grew up in Givatayim and later moved to Modiyn. When he was 18, he joined one of the Intelligence cyber units in the IDF, as a programmer. After his release from active service, Nir started his academic studies of computer science at the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) in Herzliya. After he came out of the closet, and while sharing his life with his partner, Thomas, Nir who has chosen a lifestyle of giving back to the community and believed in strengthening the LGBTQ comminity, was volunteering for the LGBTQ community center as an instructor at The Aguda’s youth club, the “Barnoar”. On Saturday night of August 1st, 2009, at the exit of the Shabbat, A masked man dressed in black walked into the LGBTQ center, on Nahmani st. in Tel Aviv. At that time the youth club, “Barnoar”’s activity was ongoing. The murderous man, holding a loaded gun in his hand, began shooting everyone who was present in the center. The night ended with 10 wounded people, tens of victims of anxiety, and 2 deaths: Liz Trubishi and Nir Katz.

May they rest in peace.

- הדוח הופק בשיתוף -